[Mission 2024] Insights SECURE SYNOPSIS: 31 July 2023

Mar 19, 2024

NOTE: Please remember that following ‘answers’ are NOT ‘model answers’. They are NOT synopsis too if we go by definition of the term. What we are providing is content that both meets demand of the question and at the same

Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography.

1. Explain the variations in temperature, pressure, and density with increasing depth inside the Earth. Discuss the significance of studying the Earth’s interior. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Easy

Reference: Insights on India

Why the question:

The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2024 Secure timetable.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about the reasons for changing temperature, pressure and density in earth’s interior and importance of studying interior of the earth.

Directive word:

Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction:

Begin by giving a brief about the composition of the interior of the earth.

Body:

First, draw a small representative diagram of the interior of the earth. Highlight the changes in temperature, density and pressure along with it.

Next, write the reasons for changing temperature, pressure and density in earth’s interior.

Next, write about importance of studying interior of the earth.

Conclusion:

Conclude by summarising.

Introduction

The radius of the earth is 6,370 kms. Thus, it is impossible to reach the center of the earth and find out about the composition. Also, this composition is changing in nature. The rapid increase in temperature is also one of the factors that put a limit to direct observation of the earth’s interior. However, through some direct and indirect sources, the scientists have a fair idea about how the earth’s interior look like.

Body

Temperature, Pressure and Density of the Earth’s Interior

Temperature

Pressure

Density

Importance of studying interior of the earth:

Conclusion

Studying the interior structure of Earth provides us with a better understanding of Earth, helps us to understand earthquakes, volcanoes, plate tectonics, how the atmosphere formed, and to study earth’s magnetic fields.

Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography.

2. Define geomorphic processes and elaborate on the importance of exogenic processes in shaping and altering landforms. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: Insights on India

Why the question:

The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2024 Secure timetable.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about the geomorphic process and significance of exogenic processes.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction:

Start by defining geomorphic processes.

Body:

First, write about the detailed classification of geomorphic processes in to endogenic and exogenic. Use a flow chart to show the classification and cite examples.

Next, exogenic forces and how the shape the landforms.

Conclusion:

Conclude by summarising.

Introduction

The term geomorphic relates to the form of the landscape and other natural features of the earth’s surface. The forces causing physical and chemical changes on earth’s surface are known as geomorphic processes. All changes take place under the influence of certain forces working continuously within the earth as well as over the surface of the earth.

Body

The forces working over the earth’s surface are known as exogenic forces, while those working within the earth’s surface are called endogenic forces. They are further classified as per the diagram below:

The processes which occur on the earth’s surface due to the influence of exogenic forces are known as exogenic processes

significance of the exogenic process in formation and deformation of landforms

Conclusion

The formation and deformation of landforms on the earth’s surface is a constant process that is influenced by both external and internal forces. Geomorphic processes are the internal and external factors that cause stresses and chemical activity on earth materials, resulting in changes in the configuration of the earth’s surface.

Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.

3. Regular monitoring and evaluation of the efforts to eradicate manual scavenging are essential to assess progress and make necessary adjustments to the strategies. Examine. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: The Hindu , Insights on India

Why the question:

Data on the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment’s mobile app ‘Swachhata Abhiyaan’ identifies 6,253 cases of manual scavenging in the country. But the Ministry is not sure if the numbers are authentic.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about the persistent practise of manual scavenging despite being banned and steps needed to stop it.

Directive:

Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction:

Begin by giving context.

Body:

First, write about reasons for lack of effective implementation of the law – lack of alternative livelihood opportunities for affected communities, political will, resources, and capacity-building of government agencies.

Next, write about the steps we can take in this regard – multi-pronged approach that addresses the root causes of the problem, provides alternative livelihood opportunities, ensures effective implementation of laws and policies, and promotes public awareness campaigns to change societal attitudes etc.

Conclusion:

Conclude by writing a way forward.

Introduction

Manual scavenging refers to the unsafe and manual removal of raw (fresh and untreated) human excreta from buckets or other containers that are used as toilets or from the pits of simple pit latrines.

Indian government is preparing to declare India “manual scavenging-free” by August. However, there are still 246 districts that have not yet self-declared themselves as free from manual scavenging. Data on the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment’s mobile app ‘Swachhata Abhiyaan’ identifies 6,253 cases of manual scavenging in the country. But the Ministry is not sure if the numbers are authentic..

Body

Government interventions

Reasons for lack of effective implementation of the law

Reasons for the Prevalence of Manual Scavenging in India

Way-Forward

Conclusion

To eradicate the profession of manual scavenging, it is important to provide these people with alternate professions. The government could start by giving specific training for vocations like plumbing, gardening etc to those involved in manual scavenging.

Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.

4. It’s essential to create a society where the rule of law is respected, and mob violence is not tolerated as a means of dispensing justice. Addressing mob lynching requires a combination of legal reforms, public awareness and effective enforcement of law. Examine. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Tough

Reference: The Hindu

Why the question:

It is a matter of shame for the Union Government and several State governments that the Supreme Court has had to remind them of their “consistent failure” in the past five years to act against the lynching of and mob violence against Muslims and marginalised sections by “cow vigilantes” in particular.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about why despite the presence of anti-mob lynching laws, there are incidents of mob lynching in India and providing measures to tackle the same.

Directive word:

Directive:

Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction:

Begin by giving context.

Body:

First, write about reasons for lack of effective implementation of the law – lack of alternative livelihood opportunities for affected communities, political will, resources, and capacity-building of government agencies.

Next, write about the steps we can take in this regard – multi-pronged approach that addresses the root causes of the problem, provides alternative livelihood opportunities, ensures effective implementation of laws and policies, and promotes public awareness campaigns to change societal attitudes etc.

Conclusion:

Conclude by writing a way forward.

Introduction

Mob Violence can be defined as Any act or series of acts of violence or aiding, abetting (encouraging) such act/acts thereof, whether spontaneous or planned, by a mob on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, language, dietary practices, sexual orientation, political affiliation, ethnicity or any other related grounds.

It is a matter of shame for the Union Government and several State governments that the Supreme Court has had to remind them of their “consistent failure” in the past five years to act against the lynching of and mob violence against Muslims and marginalised sections by “cow vigilantes” in particular. Following a petition by the National Federation of Indian Women highlighting this failure, the Court has asked the Ministry of Home Affairs, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Haryana to respond to it.

Body

Supreme court ruling: Supreme Court — anguished by what it described as ‘horrific acts of mobocracy’ — issued a slew of directions to the Union and State governments to protect India’s ‘pluralist social fabric’ from mob violence. The court felt compelled to act in the shadow of four years of surging hate violence targeting religious and caste minorities. It also urged Parliament to consider passing a law to combat mob hate crime.

Causative factors:

Measures needed:

Way forward:

Conclusion:

Parliament must create a special law against lynching, asserting that “fear of law and veneration for the command of law constitutes the foundation of a civilised society”. Lynching should be nipped in the bud and Manipur has shown the way forward. It has taken the leadership in creating the new India, where every citizen should claim – of safety, fairness and fraternity.

Topic: Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.

5. Collaboration between governments, tech companies, and gig workers could lead to innovative solutions that balance the need for flexibility with social security and benefits. Comment. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: Live Mint , Insights on India

Why the question:

The article argues that Indian gig workers should be provided with a well-crafted social security net.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about the issues faced by gig workers, need to ensure and protect rights of gig workers.

Directive word:

Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction:

Begin by defining gig workers and present a statistic regarding the number of gig workers in the Indian economy.

Body:

In the first talk about the ambiguity in gig economy which results in the exploitation of gig workers – lack of formal employer-employee relationship, remuneration, rigidity of working hours and the working conditions etc.

Next, write about the benefits of regulating the gig economy and steps needed to protect the rights of workers and grant them social protection.

Conclusion:

Conclude by writing a way forward.

Introduction

According to the Oxford Internet Institute’s ‘Online Labor Index’, India leads the global gig economy with a 24% share of the online labor market. A gig economy is a free market system in which temporary positions are common and organizations contract with independent workers for short-term engagements Examples of gig employees in the workforce could include freelancers, independent contractors, project-based workers and temporary or part-time hires.

The Rajasthan government’s Rajasthan Platform-based Gig Workers (Registration and Welfare) Bill, 2023, introduces a welfare board, is a step towards ensuring the welfare of gig workers. For Gig Workers, working conditions have become increasingly harsh, with gig workers not recognized as “workers” and lacking any social security or related benefits.

Not only is it necessary to support India’s growing 21st century workforce, it also offers us a way to reform our 18th century labour law regime.

Body

Issues faced by gig economy workers

Regulation of gig economy

Way forward

Conclusion

The scope of the gig economy in a country like India is enormous. The government needs to come out with a comprehensive legislation to empower and motivate many to take this path. The gig economy and its workforce cannot be overlooked when we talk about the future of employment.

With a population of over 1.3 billion, and a majority of them below the age of 35, relying on the “gig economy” is perhaps the only way to create employment for a large semi-skilled and unskilled workforce. Therefore, it is important to hand-hold this sector and help it grow. We need policies and processes that give clarity to the way the sector should function.

Value addition

Statistics

Topic: Government Budgeting.

6. Analyse the challenges in combatting human trafficking and suggest a long-term strategy in order to win the battle against trafficking. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: Down to Earth

Why the question:

The article sheds light on the issue of trafficking in persons and how misinformation contributes to the persistence of this social problem, in the context of World Day Against Trafficking in Persons 2023.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about the challenges faced in combating human trafficking and to evaluate the importance of long-term approaches in effectively curbing trafficking.

Directive word:

Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction:

Begin by giving context regarding the issue of human trafficking and its global prevalence.

Body:

First, Challenges in Combatting Human Trafficking – Identify and analyze the challenges faced by governments, law enforcement agencies, and civil society in addressing trafficking. Role of poverty, lack of education, and unemployment in perpetuating trafficking. Write about the complexities of investigating and prosecuting traffickers and the protection of victims.

Next, write about the Importance of Long-Term Strategies – education, and awareness campaigns can create a lasting impact, importance of international cooperation and the role of legal frameworks, Victim- Centred Approaches etc.

Next, write the downside of increased capital expenditure programmes – higher inflation, higher fiscal deficit etc.

Conclusion:

Conclude by writing a way forward.

Introduction

Human trafficking is a heinous crime that involves the exploitation and coercion of individuals, often for forced labor or sexual exploitation. Combatting human trafficking is a complex and challenging task due to various interconnected factors.

Body

Human trafficking statistics for India

Challenges in combatting human trafficking

Long-term strategy to win battle against trafficking

Conclusion

Combating human trafficking requires a long-term, multi-faceted approach with a strong emphasis on international cooperation, victim empowerment, and addressing root causes. Only by tackling the issue from various angles can we hope to make significant progress in eradicating this grave violation of human rights

Topic: Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics – in private and public relationships.

7. Rawls’ ideas have inspired countless scholars and policymakers to engage in meaningful debates about the nature of justice and the pursuit of a more equitable society. Critically examine. (150 words)

Difficulty level: Tough

Reference: plato.stanford.edu

Why the question:

The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Philosophical Mondays’ in Mission-2024 Secure.

Directive word:

Critically examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we have to look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction:

Start by describing the Rawl’s theory of justice.

Body:

Elaborate on Rawls developed a theory of justice based on social contract theory, holding that the natural state of human beings is freedom, not subjugation to a monarch, no matter how benign or well intentioned. Rawls’s theory views human beings as inherently good and, echoing Kant, inclined toward moral rectitude and action.

Next, write a critique that Rawls’s theory focuses primarily on the issue of distribution, because decisions made in ignorance can neither reward innovation and enterprise nor encourage risk.

Conclusion:

Complete by summarising.

Introduction

John Rawls was an American moral and political philosopher in the liberal tradition. Rawls’s theory of justice revolves around the adaptation of two fundamental principles of justice which would, in turn, guarantee a just and morally acceptable society. The first principle guarantees the right of each person to have the most extensive basic liberty compatible with the liberty of others. The second principle states that social and economic positions are to be to everyone’s advantage and open to all.

Body:

John Rawls theory of Social Justice guarantees a just and morally acceptable society:

Conclusion:

His works have influenced famous thinkers like Amartya Sen, Thomas Nagel, Thomas Pogge etc. The concept of Social and Economic Justice is adopted in our Constitution in the form of Directive Principles of State Policy.

Value addition:

Basic principles of his theory:

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